The Woolworth Building, located at 233 Broadway in Lower Manhattan, is one of New York City’s most iconic and historically significant skyscrapers. Often referred to as the “Cathedral of Commerce,” it was the tallest building in the world when it was completed in 1913, standing at 792 feet (241 meters) tall with 60 stories. Its neo-Gothic design, innovative construction techniques, and role in shaping the Manhattan skyline have made it a landmark in architectural history.
Key Details about the Woolworth Building
- Address: 233 Broadway, Manhattan, New York, NY 10279
- Completion Year: 1913
- Architect: Cass Gilbert
- Style: Neo-Gothic
- Height: 792 feet (241 meters)
- Stories: 60 floors
- Designation: National Historic Landmark (1966) and NYC Landmark (1983)
History and Significance
The Woolworth Building was commissioned by retail magnate Frank W. Woolworth, the founder of the Woolworth Company, which operated the famous five-and-dime stores. Woolworth wanted his company’s headquarters to be a monument to American commerce and power, and he paid for the building in cash — approximately $13.5 million — which was an enormous sum at the time.
Designed by famed architect Cass Gilbert, the Woolworth Building was a pioneering achievement in both height and technology. Its steel frame allowed it to rise higher than any other building of its time, and its design mixed Gothic architectural elements, including ornate terracotta cladding, gargoyles, and pointed arches, giving it a distinct and elegant appearance.
Architectural Features
- Neo-Gothic Design: The Woolworth Building’s architecture is inspired by Gothic cathedrals, with pointed arches, intricate tracery, and a stunning copper roof with pinnacles. Its ornamentation includes numerous gargoyles and sculptures that reflect the medieval European style, but with modern flourishes.
- Lobby: The building’s interior is as impressive as its exterior, particularly the lavish lobby, which is known for its vaulted ceiling covered in gold leaf mosaics, marble, and decorative sculptures. The lobby was designed to evoke a feeling of grandeur and luxury and is often compared to the interiors of Gothic cathedrals.
- Terracotta Façade: One of the most striking features of the Woolworth Building is its decorative façade, which is covered in detailed terracotta panels. The building’s intricate ornamentation includes symbolic figures, gargoyles, and other decorations that give it a unique and striking appearance.
- Steel Frame Construction: The Woolworth Building was one of the first skyscrapers to use a steel frame, which allowed it to rise to unprecedented heights at the time. This technique was revolutionary in the early 20th century and paved the way for the future development of skyscrapers.
Tours of the Woolworth Building
While the upper floors of the Woolworth Building are primarily residential and commercial spaces and are not open to the public, the building’s iconic lobby and lower levels are accessible through guided tours. These tours provide an in-depth look at the history, architecture, and significance of the building, as well as access to its breathtaking lobby, which is otherwise closed to the public.
Tour Information
- Lobby Tour: The most common tour offers access to the building’s lobby, where visitors can marvel at the luxurious interior details, including the marble, mosaics, and sculptural elements. Tours are usually led by architectural experts who share fascinating stories about the building’s construction and history.
- Extended Tours: Some tours offer access to the basement and other lower-level areas of the building, including the historic vaults and mechanical spaces that were integral to the operation of the building in its early days.
- Photography: Photography is usually allowed in certain areas of the lobby, so be sure to bring a camera to capture the stunning interiors.
Cultural Significance and Appearances
The Woolworth Building has played a prominent role in New York’s architectural and cultural landscape. Over the years, it has been featured in numerous films, TV shows, and books, adding to its status as a New York City icon. Its Gothic design, combined with its towering presence, makes it a popular backdrop for films that need a historic or majestic setting.
Movies and TV shows featuring the Woolworth Building include:
- Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016) – The Woolworth Building is used as the headquarters of the Magical Congress of the United States of America (MACUSA).
- Enchanted (2007)
- Ghostbusters (1984)
- Mr. Deeds (2002)
Transformation and Renovation
In recent years, the Woolworth Building underwent a significant transformation. The top floors of the building were converted into luxury residential condominiums, known as “The Woolworth Tower Residences.” These exclusive residences are located in the building’s upper floors, offering panoramic views of the Manhattan skyline. However, the lower levels, including the office spaces and the stunning lobby, still retain their historic charm and original use.
Visiting the Woolworth Building
- Location: The Woolworth Building is conveniently located near several major attractions, including City Hall, One World Trade Center, and the Brooklyn Bridge, making it a great stop on any tour of Lower Manhattan.
- How to Get There: The building is easily accessible by public transportation:
- Subway: Take the 2, 3, 4, or 5 trains to Fulton Street, or the R or W trains to City Hall.
- Bus: Several MTA bus routes serve the area, including routes that stop at Broadway and Park Place.
Fun Facts about the Woolworth Building
- Tallest Building in the World: When it was completed in 1913, the Woolworth Building was the tallest building in the world, holding that title until the Chrysler Building surpassed it in 1930.
- Cathedral of Commerce: It earned its nickname “Cathedral of Commerce” due to its neo-Gothic design and its significance as a symbol of American business success.
- Paid in Cash: Frank W. Woolworth famously paid for the construction of the building in cash, totaling approximately $13.5 million at the time.
Conclusion
The Woolworth Building is an iconic piece of New York City’s architectural history. Its striking neo-Gothic design, historical significance, and groundbreaking construction make it a must-see for architecture enthusiasts and visitors alike. Whether you’re admiring the building from the outside, taking a guided tour of the grand lobby, or simply appreciating its role in shaping the Manhattan skyline, the Woolworth Building remains one of New York’s most treasured landmarks.
